An intriguing discussion in the second language (L2) writing scholarship has addressed writing from Source Texts (STs) susceptible to accidental or intentional plagiarism. While the literature mainly focUses on L2 writers, the problem is also intractable for many native English writers. This paper reports a qualitative case study investigating how graduate students in an EFL conText attain awareness and understanding of Source Text Use (STU), their specific problems, and their strategies in citing STs. A cohort of sixteen Iranian second-semester MA students of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) participated in this study. They were interviewed in-depth about STs and their STU. Thematic analysis revealed that writing software packages, writing courses and instructors, and self-studies variously contributed to their learning of using and citing the STs. The results also suggested that the participants Used various strategies, including using STs to learn, using direct quotations, and using STs without citation to cope with the STs and STU problems. “Paraphrasing” and “direct quotation” were also found as the two preferences with different justifications in citing an ST. The paper discusses the findings and the implications for second language academic literacy development and Source-based writing instruction.

The present article reports a study carried out to investigate whether or not awareness of ST culture has any impact on the translation quality of translator trainees. 20 Iranian graduated from English translation took part in this study. They were divided into two groups, one experimental and one control groups. After homogenizing the participants through a TOEFL test, a translation pre-test was given to them and then cultural backgrounds of ST were taught to the experimental group who were later required to Use the taught material in their classroom translation practice during one academic semester. The control groups were run traditionally as widely practiced in Iranian graduated translation classes. A translation post-test was given to all the groups at the end of the semester. The statistical results demonstrate a significant difference between the pre-and post-tests in the experimental group as compared with the control group.

This research, based on the method of Dating, examines the origin and evolution of the term "seven climates" among narrations and other ancient Sources with two approaches of Source and Text, and a different view of the historical origin of the view of Dr Pakatchi. It has an envelope. Due to the uniqueness of the hadith, the documentary approach did not help us much in solving the problem, and with more emphasis on the Text-based approach, we examined the Sources that dealt with the subject of climate week in both general and specialized ways of geography. There are basically two main Sources for dividing the land into seven parts: the first seven Persian countries whose translation into Arabic became popular with the term Sab'a al-Aqalim and the second seven Greek climates which were translated into Arabic in the late second and early third centuries AH and Islamic Texts found their way. There is evidence to suggest that the term climates of the seven years before the translation of the works of Ptolemy and other Greek scholars, due to cultural-political-commercial relations between Iran and Islam, through Kufa - Imam Ali (AS) Government center-and in writings such as Persian zijs, and especially the familiarity of people like Ibn Muqaffa with the Arabic language, have entered the popular culture of Muslims from the East and bring to mind the Persian discourse for the audience of the words of the Amir al-Mu'minin (AS).

Background: The need for a rapid, noninvasive method for unwanted hair removal has led to the development of various light Sources for this purpose. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Intense Pulsed Light Source (IPLS) on unwanted hairs. Patients & Methods: In this open, uncontrolled clinical trial, 77 different anatomical areas in 34 referred patients to "Novin Didegan Clinic" in Tehran in 1380-1381, were treated by IPLS at fluencies ranging from 22 to 34 j/cm2 after their demographic data and the number of hairs were recorded. The 3 to 7 treatment sessions were accomplished 4 to 6 weeks apart. All of the patients were followed 6 months after the last therapy. The quantitative data were  analyzed by paired t test. Results: Six months after the last therapy, more than 50% reduction in number of hairs was noted in 80% of the treated areas; with mean reduction of 72±23 percent. Side effects were mild and reversible and occurred in ten patients. Conclusion: The IPLS appears to provide an effective and safe method for long term excess hair removal in various skin types.      

Considering the importance of style in corpus studies, the present article investigates one of the quantitative aspects of style, namely type-token. The questions of the translation style and translator style have been the subject of many recent studies, but the question of translators’ style has not been addressed so far. The present study is an attempt to fill the gap. To this end, three Persian translations of Khalil Jebran’s The Prophet and one English translation of Al-Ahmad’s Gharb Zadegi were selected and a contrastive analysis was conducted to reveal the changes occurring through the process of translation. The hypothesis was that type-token ratio in the target Text is less than that in the Source Text. The contrastive analysis of the ST and the TT, followed by the Chi-square test, revealed that there was no significant difference between type- token ratio between the ST and the TT. But typetoken ratio in the English translation of Gharb Zadegi was less than that in the Source Text. As a result, it seems that the concise style of Gharb Zadegi has been transferred into a more wordy style.

Regarding the methods of chronologizing the narrations, in addition to the general rules, serious attention should be paid to some components and details in using each method; otherwise, the results of the research will be invalid. In this writing, by studying the orientalists' various works as well as using practical experience gained in chronologizing some narrations, the most important components in Text-based chronology were extracted; they are discovering older Sources and new editions, the existence of different handwritten and printed editions of a book, available editions to the exegetes of the narrative books and later writers, the earlier author's name in the isnad of the narrations, and multiplicity of a work's titles Also, based on the oldest Source, the most important components are motivations and fabrication methods, the content indicating the historical conText of the Text, and the evolution and its different factor in Text-based chronology.

In recent years, the availability of documents through the Internet along with automatic translation systems have increased plagiarism, especially across languages. Cross-lingual plagiarism occurs when the Source or original Text is in one language and the plagiarized or re-Used Text is in another language. Various methods for automatic Text re-Use detection across languages have been developed whose objective is to assist human experts in analyzing documents for plagiarism cases. For evaluating the performance of these systems and algorithms, standard evaluation reSources are needed. To construct cross lingual plagiarism detection corpora, the majority of earlier studies have paid attention to English and other European language pairs, and have less focUsed on low reSource languages. In this paper, we investigate a method for constructing an English-Persian cross-language plagiarism detection corpus based on parallel bilingual sentences that artifi cially generate passages with various degrees of paraphrasing. The plagiarized passages are inserted into topically related English and Persian Wikipedia articles in order to have more realistic Text documents. The proposed approach can be applied to other less-reSourced languages. In order to evaluate the compiled corpus, both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluation methods were employed. So, the compiled corpus can be suitably included into an evaluation framework for assessing cross-language plagiarism detection systems. Our proposed corpus is free and publicly available for research purposes.